M.S., FMAS, Dip.Adv. Laparoscopy Surgery
General & Adv. Laparoscopy / Bariatric & Robotic Surgeon
An anal fistula is an abnormal passage that forms between the inside of the anal canal and the skin around the anus. It usually happens due to a previous infection or abscess in the anal region that failed to heal properly. When the infected gland drains continuously, a tract forms, leading to persistent discharge and discomfort. Anal fistulas are more common in adults and require medical evaluation, often needing timely anal fistula surgery in Thane, as they rarely heal on their own.
Most anal fistulas begin with an infection in the anal glands. When this infection leads to an abscess, pus collects in the surrounding tissue. If the abscess bursts or is inadequately treated, it may leave behind a persistent channel. Over time, this channel connects the anal canal to the skin, forming a fistula. Chronic inflammation and repeated infections contribute to its persistence.
The most common cause of an anal fistula is a previous anal abscess. Other contributing factors include chronic infections, inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn’s disease, trauma to the anal area, previous anal surgery, and, rarely, tuberculosis or radiation therapy. Poor wound healing and weakened immunity can also increase the risk.
Symptoms of an anal fistula may include constant or intermittent discharge of pus or fluids from a point near the anus. Pain around the anus while sitting or during bowel movements may be noticed. In most cases, patients may develop redness of the skin around the affected area due to moisture. Abscesses may form, or fever may develop if the condition leads to infection.
An anal fistula becomes a serious problem when it persists or worsens with time. Pain, fever, or pus discharge may indicate worsening infection. A complex fistula may result in complications, especially when several tracts are involved or when deeper structures are affected. A fistula may become chronic if there is a delay in seeking medical treatment.
Diagnosis usually begins with a clinical examination of the anal region by a doctor. Medical history helps identify prior abscesses or infections. In some cases, additional investigations such as MRI, ultrasound, or fistulography may be required to determine the exact path and complexity of the fistula. These tests help guide appropriate treatment planning.
Treatment of anal fistula is primarily surgical, as medications alone cannot close the fistulous tract. The choice of treatment depends on the type, location, and complexity of the fistula. Antibiotics may be prescribed temporarily to control infection, but they are not a definitive cure. Surgical intervention aims to eliminate the fistula while preserving anal muscle function. Choosing the best fistula surgeon in Thane is important to ensure effective treatment while preserving normal anal function.
Several surgical methods are available for treating an anal fistula. Fistulotomy is when the tract is cut wide to facilitate healing from the bottom part. In a seton surgery, a medical thread is placed in the fistula tract to allow continuous drainage and support gradual healing. Laser surgery is considered a medical advancement in closing the fistula tract with minimal damage to the area.
The recovery duration varies depending on the procedure involved. However, pain usually decreases over a few days to weeks. The total healing process, which requires strict personal hygiene, may take a few weeks. Most patients will be back to their regular activities in a short while, although heavy exercising may be ruled out temporarily.
Possible risks are infections, delayed healing of the wounds, recurrence of the fistula, and, very rarely, changes related to bowel control. Advanced planning and follow-up can help reduce these risks.
Early treatment is the best way to prevent a fistula from forming. Good personal hygiene, proper bowel habits, and early medical care help reduce the risk of fistula formation.
Anal fistulas do not heal with home remedies alone. Surgery is often required, but modern techniques aim to minimize pain and preserve normal function.
Anal fistula is a chronic condition that requires proper medical evaluation and treatment. Early consultation with a doctor helps prevent complications, recurrent infections, and disease progression. Timely diagnosis and appropriate surgical management at Tieten Medicity Hospital, a leading fistula hospital in Thane, improve healing outcomes and reduce the risk of recurrence.
Recovery usually takes 2–6 weeks, depending on the type of surgery.
The best surgery depends on fistula type; common options include laser surgery, fistulotomy, and LIFT procedure.
Most fistulas are caused by infection or abscess near the anus.
Fistula surgery is generally not major and is often minimally invasive.
Yes, fistula can be completely cured with proper surgical treatment and care.
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